Population:
1,299,371 (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 14.9% (male 99,748/female 94,051)
15-64 years: 67.5% (male 417,816/female 459,246)
65 years and over: 17.6% (male 75,486/female 153,024) (2009 est.)

Median age:
total: 39.9 years
male: 36.5 years
female: 43.5 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:
-0.632% (2009 est.)

Birth rate:
10.37 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate:
13.42 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)

Net migration rate:
-3.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Urbanization:
urban population: 69% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: -0.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female
total population: 0.84 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 7.32 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 72.82 years
male: 67.45 years
female: 78.53 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:
1.42 children born/woman (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
1.3% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
9,900 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 500 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2009)

Nationality:
noun: Estonian(s)
adjective: Estonian

Ethnic groups:
Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000 census)

Religions:
Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census)

Languages:
Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.8% (2000 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2006)

Education expenditures:
5.1% of GDP (2004)