Population:
9,832,017
note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 45% (male 2,215,331/female 2,204,503)
15-64 years: 52.6% (male 2,588,356/female 2,579,737)
65 years and over: 2.5% (male 101,764/female 142,326) (2009 est.)

Median age:
total: 17.5 years
male: 17.4 years
female: 17.6 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:
2.815% (2009 est.)

Birth rate:
43.7 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate:
15.55 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)

Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Urbanization:
urban population: 37% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 109.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 118.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 99.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 49.63 years
male: 47.78 years
female: 51.53 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:
6.52 children born/woman (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.5% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
24,000 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
1,600 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Nationality:
noun: Somali(s)
adjective: Somali

Ethnic groups:
Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000)

Religions:
Sunni Muslim

Languages:
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 37.8%
male: 49.7%
female: 25.8% (2001 est.)

Education expenditures:
NA