Population:
41,087,825 (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 40.7% (male 8,535,551/female 8,173,616)
15-64 years: 56.8% (male 11,745,683/female 11,603,906)
65 years and over: 2.5% (male 532,968/female 496,101) (2009 est.)

Median age:
total: 19.1 years
male: 18.9 years
female: 19.2 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:
2.143% (2009 est.)

Birth rate:
33.74 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate:
12.94 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)

Net migration rate:
0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Urbanization:
urban population: 43% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.07 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 82.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 82.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 82.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 51.42 years
male: 50.49 years
female: 52.4 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:
4.48 children born/woman (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
1.4% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
320,000 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
25,000 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Nationality:
noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sudanese

Ethnic groups:
black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%

Religions:
Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum), indigenous beliefs 25%

Languages:
Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages
note: program of "Arabization" in process

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.1%
male: 71.8%
female: 50.5% (2003 est.)

Education expenditures:
6% of GDP (1991)