Population:
21,669,278
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 44.3% (male 4,829,272/female 4,773,209)
15-64 years: 52.8% (male 5,605,227/female 5,842,679)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 257,119/female 361,772) (2009 est.)

Median age:
total: 17.4 years
male: 17 years
female: 17.8 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:
1.791% (2009 est.)

Birth rate:
37.98 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate:
20.07 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)

Net migration rate:
NA (2009 est.)

Urbanization:
urban population: 37% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 105.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 108.57 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 103 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 41.18 years
male: 41.83 years
female: 40.53 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:
5.18 children born/woman (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
12.5% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
1.5 million (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
81,000 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Nationality:
noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican

Ethnic groups:
African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%

Religions:
Catholic 23.8%, Muslim 17.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, other 17.8%, none 23.1% (1997 census)

Languages:
Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 47.8%
male: 63.5%
female: 32.7% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 8 years
male: 9 years
female: 7 years (2005)

Education expenditures:
5% of GDP (2005)