Population:
4,884,887 (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 28.9% (male 713,698/female 697,222)
15-64 years: 66.9% (male 1,618,678/female 1,646,992)
65 years and over: 4.3% (male 90,352/female 117,945) (2009 est.)

Median age:
total: 24.4 years
male: 24.1 years
female: 24.8 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:
1.141% (2009 est.)

Birth rate:
19.69 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate:
6.31 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)

Net migration rate:
-1.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Urbanization:
urban population: 49% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 45.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 53.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 67.87 years
male: 64.94 years
female: 70.95 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:
2.22 children born/woman (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
less than 0.1% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
fewer than 200 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
fewer than 100 (2004 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Turkmen(s)
adjective: Turkmen

Ethnic groups:
Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)

Religions:
Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%

Languages:
Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.8%
male: 99.3%
female: 98.3% (1999 est.)

Education expenditures:
3.9% of GDP (1991)