Economy - overview:
Bosnia has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform, while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. The interethnic warfare in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar. With an uneasy peace in place, output recovered in 1996-99 but slowed in 2000-02 and picked up again during 2003-08, when GDP growth exceeded 5% per year. However, the country experienced a decline in GDP of nearly 3% in 2009 reflecting local effects of the global economic crisis. GDP has stagnated since then. Foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, now control most of the banking sector. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has increased. Bosnia's private sector is growing, but foreign investment has dropped off sharply since 2007. Government spending, at roughly 50% of GDP, remains high because of redundant government offices at the state, entity and municipal level. Privatization of state enterprises has been slow, particularly in the Federation, where political division between ethnically-based political parties makes agreement on economic policy more difficult. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a predictable source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity. National-level statistics have also improved over time but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007. Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization (WTO) membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector. In 2009, Bosnia and Herzegovina was granted an International Monetary Fund (IMF) stand-by arrangement, necessitated by sharply increased social spending and a fiscal crisis exacerbated by the global economic downturn. Disbursement of IMF aid was suspended in 2011 after a parliamentary deadlock left Bosnia without a state-level government for over a year. The IMF concluded a new stand-by arrangement with Bosnia in October 2012, with the first tranches paid in November and December 2012.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): GDP - composition, by end use: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation: Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share: Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget: Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Exchange rates:
NOTE: 1) The information regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina on this page is re-published from the 2014 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Bosnia and Herzegovina Economy 2014 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Bosnia and Herzegovina Economy 2014 should be addressed to the CIA.
$31.57 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$17.09 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
-0.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$8,100 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
household consumption: 82.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption:
22.1%
investment in fixed capital:
17.7%
investment in inventories:
1.5%
exports of goods and services:
29%
imports of goods and services:
-52.4%
agriculture: 7.4%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry:
25.5%
services:
67.1% (2012 est.)
wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining
3% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
1.49 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture: 20.5%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry:
32.6%
services:
47% (2008)
44.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
note:
official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
18.6% (2007 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%: 2.7%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%:
27.3% (2007)
36.2 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 85
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues: $8.213 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures:
$8.714 billion (2012 est.)
48.1% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
43.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
note:
data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
2.1% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
6.73% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$4.123 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$9.577 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$10.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$NA
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
$-1.633 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$3.306 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
metals, clothing, wood products
Slovenia 17.5%, Croatia 16.6%, Italy 13.7%, Germany 12.9%, Austria 12.8% (2012)
$8.849 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Croatia 21.9%, Germany 13%, Slovenia 12.8%, Italy 9.3%, Russia 7.6%, Austria 6.3%, Hungary 5.1% (2012)
$4.283 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$10.81 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar -
2) The rank that you see is the CIA reported rank, which may habe the following issues:
a) They assign increasing rank number, alphabetically for countries with the same value of the ranked item, whereas we assign them the same rank.
b) The CIA sometimes assignes counterintuitive ranks. For example, it assigns unemployment rates in increasing order, whereas we rank them in decreasing order
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This page was last modified 06-Nov-14